The Works of Comus
November 30, 2009

When Ballantyne wrote young children's books, he used the pseudonym "Comus." His best known children's book is The Three Little Kittens. While Ballantyne didn't actually write the well known poem, he incorporated a story around the anonymously-written piece, and also illustrated the book.

Ballantyne normally utilized animals as the main characters in his children's books such as The Kitten Pilgrims, The Robber Kitten, and My Doggie and I. The Kitten Pilgrims is a humorous adaptation of John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress in which two kittens and a dog go on a journey and must fight horrible monsters such as the Worm Sloth, Peacock Pride, and Octopus Untruth.

<em>The Kitten Pilgrims</em> The Kitten Pilgrims

It's fascinating to see the high level of vocabulary which young children formerly possessed during the Victorian era. The Kitten Pilgrims in particular is full of words such as "malignant", "elasticity", and "convolvulus." Being unfamiliar with this last word, I looked it up in the dictionary and found that it speaks of any flower in the morning glory family. Imagine coming across "convolvulus" in a children's book today!

Tutela ex Vulnero,

John

Posted by John Horn at 05:24 AM |

Ballantyne: Origin of the Surname
November 18, 2009

Ballantyne is not a very common surname. Throughout life one can meet many a Smith, Jones, or Davis. However, the odds are that you will meet either very few or no Ballantynes.

So, what is the meaning of this relatively uncommon surname? Most etymological dictionaries that I perused did not cover the name "Ballantyne." By the way, etymological simply means the root, or origin of a word.

At last I found a record of the surname "Ballantyne" in an old book entitled An Etymological Dictionary of Family and Christian Names by a man named William Arthur. Apparently, "Ballantyne" is derived from an ancient geographical location in Scotland! The official definition is as follows:

Ballantyne: Local. A place of ancient pagan worship among the Celts, whose principal deity was Belen or Baal, the sun. To the honor of this deity, the Celts lighted fires on the 1st of May and Midsummer day.

Thankfully though, the story does not end here. God granted mercy and grace to these wicked pagans, bringing reformation, mercy and grace to these wicked pagans, bringing reformation to the family name.

Celts

In case you don't know much about the Celts, I'd like to give a little background on their origins and practices.

The Celts, which, by the way, is pronounced kelts, are a very ancient people group who spread across Europe. One group from Northern Italy actually defeated Roman legions, laid siege to Rome itself, and gained a heavy tribute in return for a cessation of hostilities against their Roman enemies.

Scotland and Ireland were inhabited by these extremely pagan barbarians, and, as mentioned in the definition, worshipped Baal, the sun. Christianity was brought to them from Ireland by the famous St. Columba, who settled on the island of Iona and preached the gospel.

Scottish Covenanters

In the 1600's, the Scottish Covenanters, descendants of those converted by the influence of Columba, were persecuted in a horrible era called the "Killing Times." These men and women were strong in the faith, and not at all like their pagan ancestors. They were unwilling to obey the unbiblical mandates of the King of England, and for this they were hunted, tortured, and executed.

Hunted and Harried Hunted and Harried

R. M. Ballantyne was directly descended from the Covenanters, and wrote Hunted and Harried which is a tale of these courageous ancestors. The book details the horrors to which the faithful Scots were exposed, and their firmness and resolution in the face of persecution. One of the few historical novels which Ballantyne wrote, he obviously thought it necessary to honor the heritage and bless the memory of these now-departed heroes.

RMB's first and middle names also have an interesting meaning. Robert, his first name, means "bright fame." I doubt that his parents could have guessed just how famous their son would become. His middle name, Michael, is taken from the Bible and means "Who is like the Lord?" A fitting name indeed for a famous Christian.

In my opinion, Robert Michael Ballantyne helped to redeem the connotation of his last name. The surname "Ballantyne" is no longer associated with pagan sacrifices. Instead, it is associated with a man who was a firm believer in the one true God, a man who earnestly desired to bring others to the knowledge of his God, and a man who spared no effort through his books in praising and proclaiming the true rule of our God.

Tutela ex Vulnero,

John

Posted by John Horn at 09:18 PM |

Quick Update!
November 13, 2009

Just a quick update here on the doings down in San Antonio:

Last night was the opening premiere of our new docu-drama The Mysterious Islands here in San Antonio. It was an amazing evening with between 350 and 400 attendees in theatre. If you haven't heard about this film, you really need to take a moment to go and visit www.themysteriousislands.com. If you saw it with us last night, you can go to the facebook page and leave your thoughts.

This has been a year long project for us with the Vision Forum team, and it has been an honor to get to work with the Erwin Brothers as they brought technical quality to everything. What an amazing project this has been!

~Joshua Titus

[Josh Titus and Josh Walsh in front of the TMI premiere poster.]

Posted by Joshua Phillips at 02:45 PM |

Glory, Duty and the Gold Dome
November 12, 2009

Today we view R. M. Ballantyne's books as historical fiction, because to us, the periods he covers are in the past. However, when he wrote his classics, many of them took place concurrent with his life span. The boys of the Victorian era read about characters who lived at the same time as their own selves, and who experienced great adventures around the world. In my opinion, this aspect is lacking for Christian young men today.

Although there are a few "modern" or recent authors who produce wholesome fiction, most of the worthwhile authors of boys' adventure literature are dead. Am I saying that there's a problem with reading their books? No! However, I do believe that the men of this generation must rise up to take dominion over the literature of today. There are many vitally significant issues in our day which Ballantyne and others never dreamed would occupy our thoughts.

With this said, one Christain author has risen to the challenge. Just a few days ago I had the opportunity to read a newly-released novel called Glory, Duty and the Gold Dome by T. Nathaniel Darnell. This book covers a huge gamut of issues that are pressing today, delivered in an exciting and suspenseful style that would make Ballantyne and Henty proud.

Plot

Thomas Richards is not an average fourteen-old boy. He serves as the legislative aide to his father, Representative John Richards, who serves in the Georgia legislature. As a personal assistant, young Thomas handles details for his father and is familiar with the inner-workings of state government. His biggest job at the moment, however, is helping his father in his rapidly approaching election for Congress.

If John Richards can win the electoral race, he could move to Washington D. C., bringing with him the firm Biblical principles needed to govern a solid nation. The prospects are bright, and young Thomas is hopeful about the campaign. This, however, is soon to change when a fateful car accident plunges both into an issue of epic proportions, and life-threatening consequences.

Angela Bauer lives on her own, a sorrowful, bitter young lady, forsaken by her self-serving husband and expecting a child. She is surviving, but just barely, on her cashier's salary. A reckless decision leaves her stranded in an intersection, broadside to oncoming traffic. Unable to stop, another vehicle pounds into her car, smashing glass and bending metal. The shock knocks her senseless, and she sinks into a coma.

The other driver experiences only minor injuries, but as a friend of the family, John Richards races to the hospital to check on the young man's condition, and provide legal counsel to his father. In the same hospital rests Angela, unresponsive and comatose.

Terri Schiavo Terri Schiavo

John and Thomas learn of the girl's condition, and visit her room where they find her delinquent husband demanding life support to be removed! Although the hospital refuses to do so immediately, the issue quickly escalates to the courts in a battle similar to that of Terri Schiavo. A cold-hearted judge rules that she has no "quality of life," and must die in twenty days. It is now that John Richards makes a fateful decision. He must put aside his campaign for Congressional election, and focus his efforts on a different race - a race for Angela and her baby's life.

There are two options before him: either the legislature must vote that the court decision is unconstitutional, or the Governor must rule the same. John and Thomas have twenty days to convince an unwilling legislative body and a wary politician to overrule the previously unchallenged court.

Father and son meet opposition on every side, experiencing death threats, personal assaults, violent protestors, and shadowy villains. Meanwhile, they must discover more about Angela's husband, and what is so mysterious about his job. It's a wild, breath-taking ride with twists and turns on every side, and involves significant moral issues such as abortion, home schooling, governmental corruption, and personal defense.

I could tell you how the story ends, but I won't. You must find out for yourself by purchasing Glory, Duty and the Gold Dome from Vision Forum. I guarantee an unexpected ending!

Critique

The above is an overview of the plot, but that's not all that a book involves. The author, T. Nathaniel Darnell, incorporates many book-writing techniques, some tried and true, and some quite fresh and fascinating, to make this tale gripping.

Father and son discipleship is one of the main points of the novel. Throughout the story, Thomas and his father grow closer together, learning about each other. Darnell uses a unique but effective approach of narration, switching back and forth between the first-person narrative of father and son, allowing the reader to explore the intimate thoughts of each character.

The supporting characters are also colorful, producing an added depth to the story. My particular favorite is Clinty, another young legislative aide with a jovial personality and eccentric aspirations. Another is Rachel Richards, who fulfills the role of loving mother and wife.

I must confess that I'm wary of first-time book authors, who may have done well in shorter articles and editorials, but have not previously tackled such a large project. I was pleasantly surprised in this case by the splendid balance of detail, dialogue, and action. It is evident that Darnell has learned from generations of fiction authors, and has implemented their techniques. I give Glory, Duty and the Gold Dome my full support, and urge that everyone who reads this article will read the book.

For the glory of God, and the redemption of literature!

Tutela ex Vulnero,

John

P. S. It might be helpful to have a quick summary of the above thoughts. If I were asked to write a book recommendation, I would say that Glory, Duty and the Gold Dome is a tale of father and son discipleship, which grapples with key moral issues and is packed with action and suspense."

Posted by John Horn at 08:00 AM |

Ships of 1812
November 09, 2009

As I said in a previous post, I've been studying the War of 1812, spending a lot of time on the naval combats which ensued during the contest. I have a great interest in the different types of ships used during the Age of Sail, specifically in this time period, the Napoleonic Era. In this article I intend to list different types of ships, mostly those used during the War of 1812, and I will compare effectiveness between the different models.

Before I do this you must know that there are great differences of opinions upon these matters, and throughout the ages different terms have meant different things to different nations. Hopefully, however, at least these general classifications will be of help.

Sloop

The smallest vessel used in warfare was normally the sloop, which is often called a sloop-of-war to differentiate it from types not used in battle. The term embraces a number of ship types, because most combat vessels smaller than twenty guns were grouped together under the name of "sloop." Sometimes they had only one mast, but this was not uniformly the case. Their use was primarily for communications, intelligence, and other small work, not being large enough to take their place in a line of battle.

Two types of sloops are the "brig sloop" and the "ship sloop." The brig sloop contained two square-rigged masts, but still only one deck. The term "ship sloop" may be confusing, but it is due to the common practice of reserving the term "ship" to a vessel that has three masts or more. As you probably guessed, the ship sloop has at least three masts, and one deck.

<center>Sloop-of-war, USS <em>Constellation</em></center>
Sloop-of-war, USS Constellation

Brig

Next in line is the brig, (a true brig, not a brig sloop,) containing two square-rigged masts, but still only one deck. The dividing line between sloops and brigs is very thin and hard to determine. Brigs were much more common to be used in actual battle operations, and were known for speed and maneuverability. Nowadays, the prisons aboard ships are called brigs, which may be confusing. It does not mean that a brig in the Age of Sail was a prison ship, although most prison ships were brigs. This is probably the case because the brig contains more room for prisoners than a sloop, without depriving the fleet of a really powerful fighting vessel.

The brig is a version of a brigantine, a slightly different craft, but not dissimilar enough to warrant a separate section in this article. A very famous brigantine is the Mary Celeste, which became a so-called "ghost ship" when it was discovered sailing towards Gibraltar with its entire crew missing, but no marks of bloodshed, mutiny, theft, or anything else. There are a number of very interesting hypothesis about the fate of the crew, but it remains one of the biggest maritime mysteries ever.

The brig, USS <em>Niagra</em> The brig, USS Niagra

Frigate

The Frigate is more powerful than a brig, being a two-decker, with at least three masts. The famous USS Constitution was a frigate. It's interesting to note that during the War of 1812, British frigates were ordered not to attack American frigates, unless they had a ratio of at least 2:1, because of our superior weight of metal. Frigates were very popular fighting ships, and used often in the Napoleonic Wars.

The frigate, USS <em>Constitution</em> The frigate, USS Constitution

Ship-of-the-Line

This term is derived from the actions of these ships, which fought line against line, broadside to broadside. In this type of fighting, the goal was to have the heaviest metal and strongest ship. They would blast at each other until unable to return fire. Ships-of-the-line had multiple decks, two, three, sometimes even four, and many masts. They were the real "queens of the sea."

Ship-of-the-Line, HMS <em>Victory</em> Ship-of-the-Line, HMS Victory

Throughout the ages there have been many other types of ships, and different classification systems, so I want to emphasize that this information is concerning the time period of the Napoleonic Era.

Tutela ex Vulnero,

John

Posted by John Horn at 08:34 AM |

Quote of the Week
November 07, 2009

We are not retreating - we are advancing in another direction. ~General Douglas MacArthur

Tutela ex Vulnero,

John

Posted by John Horn at 03:20 PM |

USS Constitution vs. HMS Guerriere
November 05, 2009

R. M. Ballantyne loved ships. Because of this, and because of recent personal studies, I decided to write a little bit about the far famed combat of the USS Constitution versus the HMS Guerriere.

Setting

In 1812, the British navy was mistress of the seas. No other power could combat her effectively upon the ocean. The French had been warring for years, but most sea battles ended with British victories. Because of this preponderancy, Napoleon could not get his numerically superior land troops across the channel, onto British soil, although he had been trying for years.

With these successes in mind, British sailors and captains reveled in their authority and looked down upon other nations' naval efforts, especially disregarding those of America. At the time, the American navy was tiny in size and inexperienced in battle. The only real military experience held by our crews were gained in fighting pirates off the coast of Tripoli.

Although the British were such good sailors, they had one problem: a lack of men. English ships were notoriously undermanned, and the press gangs were continuously in use. They practiced impressment, which means that ships belonging to the British Navy could at any time send gangs of men to shore or to other vessels and sweep up all the men they could find for service aboard ship. (This was, of course, as long as they were British citizens.)

Unfortunately, they carried their authority a little too far and began to use impressment on American sailors. You see, a British ship would meet an American ship on the high sea. They would come alongside each other and then the Brit would request the American to summon all crew to deck. After this, they would go among the crew and pretend to find British citizens serving among the crew. If the crew member was an English citizen, they could lawfully use impressment upon him, and force him to leave his ship, and join their's.

In most cases, the seamen they chose were actually American sailors, not British, but we did not have the power to fight back against this injustice, so they would be impressed anyway. This practice was one of the many causes of the War of 1812.

War

With this as the setting, Congress declared war upon Great Britain on June 18, 1812. Many various underlying conflicts and territorial issues were at play in the reasoning behind the declaration of war, but one primary goal in the formal announcement was to stop the continued illegal impressment of American citizens into British ships. The young republic would once again fight the greatest nation in the world in a much forgotten but important war.

Simply put, British sailors were puffed up about their naval successes and power. They expected easy victories over the fledgling American navy, and a speedy end to the war. This, however, was not to be.

Battle

One of the most famous vessels in American naval history is the USS Constitution. Launched in 1797 from Boston, she was one of three sister frigates commissioned by Congress. She gained renown under Commodore Preble, in the fighting off Tripoli a decade earlier, but her real fame was yet to come.

In the month of August, 1812, the Constitution was on a cruise along the coasts of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, looking for enemy vessels. It was on the 19th of that month that she came across a worthy opponent. The HMS Guerriere was originally a French ship which was captured by the British, and turned into an English vessel, now under the command of a Captain Dacres.

As the ships engaged, Dacres began firing broadsides into the Constitution. Due to special construction designs on the hull, the Constitution did not receive damage from these somewhat distant broadsides, the British shot simply bouncing off the reinforced sides. Jubilant at this sign of strength, legend has it that an American sailor called out -"Hurrah, her sides are made of iron," or something similar. Whatever the exact words were, from then on she was known as "Old Ironsides".

The ships closed in, and Captain Hull of the Constitution fired the starboard broadside. Again and again both ships fired, but the superior metal of the Constitution paid off, as the Guerriere's mizzenmast toppled over. In an effective raking maneuver, Hull brought his ship across the British vessel's bow, delivering a devastating broadside with his fresh port guns.

Attempting the movement again, the Constitution's rigging entangled with the Guerriere's bowsprit, pulling both ships together. Boarding parties were summoned, but before hand-to-hand fighting broke out the British foremast fell, causing the Guerriere to lose most of her way and allowing the American frigate to break free. As Hull prepared to rake the enemy with yet another broadside, the Brit fired a cannon to leeward, the direction opposite the Constitution. This signaled surrender, and was occasioned because there were no flags left in the rigging to pull down as a signal.

As an American lieutenant stepped aboard the damaged British vessel, he looked for Captain Dacres. "Captain Hull presents his compliments, Sir, and wishes to know if you have struck your flag?" The story goes that Dacres replied, "Well, I don't know. Our mizzen mast is gone, our fore and main masts are gone - I think on the whole you might say we have struck our flag."

The victory sent shock waves through America and Britain. Morale soared in North America as accounts of the glorious victory appeared in every paper, while across the ocean, British citizens struggled to realize that a despised American vessel had actually beaten a British ship of similar size in a fair fight. Although this was but the beginning of the war, the fight was to go down in history as a spectacular victory, proving to American seamen their capability of defeating their foes.

The USS Constitution is still commissioned as a navy vessel today, and is docked in Boston where a full complement of American sailors give tours of the ship. To find out more about this ship, click here to visit its website.

The USS Constitution is still afloat
Tutela ex Vulnero,

John

Posted by John Horn at 08:20 AM |